前言

Ø阅读判断出题特点： (来源：英语杂志 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

以2002年和2003年理工B和理工A阅读判断题的出题特点进行比较：
2002年B级阅读判断题：Megaplane (巨型飞机)
2003年B级阅读判断题：The Threat to Kiribati
2002年A级阅读判断题：Eruptions of Mount Saint Helens
2003年A级阅读判断题：A Dolphin and an Astronomer

Attached materials:

From Megaplane
The Boeing Corp. And Europe’s Airbus consortium (财团) are preparing to offer bigger airplanes to the world’s airlines. Now that talks on a joint project have broken down, Boeing pushing a stretched (拓展的) version of the 747, and airbus is designing an all-new aircraft, known as the A3xx.

 
From The Threat to Kiribati

The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth – literally.

补充：
afraid: adj. 害怕的(+ of), 担心的；担忧的 ( + that); （表示抱歉）恐怕；我想…
e.g. He was afraid that he would lose.他担心会输。
e.g. I am afraid you are wrong about that. 这事儿我想恐怕是你错了。
Literally: adj. 精确地 逐字翻译地
Synonyms: actually, exactly, really, word-for-word

From A Dolphin and an Astronomer

One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. .. Sagan was standing on the edge of one of the tanks where several of these friendly, highly intelligent creatures were kept.

On the edge of/ on the verge of/on the brink of: adv. 濒于, 几乎, 在边缘

小结：在阅读判断题部分理工A和理工B的考题通常都与自然地理或科技相关，文章语言难度略低于阅读理解题部分，文章通常选取的是职称英语用书外的文章，主题较容易理解。

Ø阅读判断题型介绍：

阅读判断是一篇长度为300-450词的短文的阅读文章。阅读判断题实际上是要求考生确认和判断所给文章中的一些事实，并能根据文章中的某些句子进行归纳和推断。阅读判断题型是阅读理解题的一种“变形”：从问题所涉及到的范围来说，这两种题型实际上是一样的 -- 都是或属于关于文章主题方面的问题，或涉及到文章中具体细节的查找，确认和判断。但因为这两种题型的问题表现形式不同：阅读理解是以提问 --找答案的形式出现，而阅读判断要求考生判断问题句说法“正确”，“错误”或“没提到”，所以从出题形式来说阅读判断题的难度还相对来说增加了。实际上在解答阅读判断题中经常出现的一个问题是：很多考生在对“错误”和“没提到”这两个选项总觉得有一些“模糊性”，而这也增加了阅读判断题的难度。但是阅读判断的文章难度往往低于阅读理解文章的难度，而且文章主题也往往较轻松，所以这部分考题并不可怕，我们完全可以按照通常解答阅读理解题的方法去解答阅读判断题。

Ø阅读判断题解题思路：

1．借助文章主题和/或文章开头/结尾处句子确认文章中心；

2．认真读题，借助题目确认问题中隐含的线索词/特征词，并注意识别题目中的关键词；同时要留意问题句中包含了多少核心信息，这些信息在解题的过程中需要我们一一对应所找到的答案相关句进行确认。

3．借助题目中的线索词/关键词在文章中查找和确认答案相关句；

4．对比答案相关句的句意和问题句的句意（和核心信息内容）确认答案；

注：答案“没提到”通常在一篇文章中出现在2个左右的问题上，而且判断“没提到”的原则是“答案相关句的句意和问题句不矛盾，而且两者之间是完全不相关，或不完全相关”

本讲教学目的

通过阅读判断题的解题方法的讲解向考生介绍解答这种问题的有效方法，并在解题过程中讲解文章中出现的句法结构，以帮助考生回忆和复习英文中的常见语法点。 

例题解析：
阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

Passage 1

The Threat to Kiribati

The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth----literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. There tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,” say the older citizens of Kiribati.

What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned , pollutants(污染物) are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earth’s atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers(冰川) and polar (极地的) ice caps.

If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer. Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral(珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate----they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyone’s loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on earth.

The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They don’t have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.

1. The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.
A. Right     B.Wrong    C. Not mentioned

2.High tides used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain.
A. Right     B.Wrong    C. Not mentioned

3.The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming.
A. Right     B.Wrong    C. Not mentioned

4.Scientists are not sure how serious the effects of global warming will be.
A. Right     B.Wrong    C. Not mentioned

5. The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long history of civilization.
A. Right     B.Wrong    C. Not mentioned

6. The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial about the problem of global warming.
A. Right     B.Wrong    C. Not mentioned

7. Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution.
A. Right     B.Wrong    C. Not mentioned

答案及解析：

题目分析 --抓住中心词（The Threat to Kiribati），利用文章开头的相关句子，判断陌生词Kiribati的含义。
The people of Kiribati （地名）are afraid …
看问题确认答案：
1. The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.
A. Right     B.Wrong    C. Not mentioned
分析：题干中涉及2层信息：The people of Kiribati worry 和 their country  will be taken away by a sudden high tide. 利用题干中的关键词在文章中查找答案相关句 --文章前两句（注意题干中在用词和时态上的细节）。
The people of Kiribati are afraid （与题干中的第1层信息呼应）that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth----literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. （与题干中的第2层信息呼应）
考点：考察考生的总结归纳能力。

补充：
Literally：adv. 照字义, 逐字地， 真正, 完全
Synonyms: actually, exactly, really, word-for-word
e.g. The city was literally destroyed.城市差不多全毁了。

2.High tides （与上一题相关）used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain.
A. Right     B.Wrong    C. Not mentioned
分析：题干中涉及信息有两层：High tides used to attack Kiribati 和when there was strong wind or heavy rain.当题干中有表示条件的结构，尤其要认真对比原文和题干中对“条件”的描述和题干中的其他细节。利用题干中的关键词在文章中查找答案相关句。 
该题可能会丢分：没有注意到画线句。提示：在确认答案直接相关句后还需要把前后句再“扫一眼”，以防陷阱。
These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,” say the older citizens of Kiribati.
补充：
Sweep: vt, vi (swept,swept)（常与off, away连用）清除; 掠过；拂过
e.g. The waves swept the deck.
波浪扫过甲板。
Destroy vt摧毁；破坏；毁坏；消灭；杀害
The fire destroyed all my books.
这场大火毁了我的全部书籍。
比较：
kill vt, vi杀死, 摧毁；破坏；毁灭
e.g. Ten people were killed in the train crash.
在火车相撞事故中有10人死亡。
kill time 消磨时间

3.The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming.
A. Right     B. Wrong    C. Not mentioned
分析：题干中涉及到2层信息：The heat released by burning oil and coal 和the direct cause of global warming。当题干中有修饰/限制的形容词时要特别注意。利用题干中的关键词在文章中查找答案相关句。

What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants(污染物) are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earth’s atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers(冰川) and polar (极地的) ice caps.

补充：
Release:  Vt.（常与from连用）释放, 发行（书刊、影片）
e.g. I released the horse and it ran away.
我放了这匹马，让它跑走了。
on general release能在所有影院上映的

4.Scientists are not sure how serious the effects of global warming（暗示该题的答案位置应该与前一题的答案位置接近） will be.
A. Right     B.Wrong    C. Not mentioned
分析：题干中出现两层信息：Scientists are not sure和how serious the effects of global warming。 利用题干中的关键词在文章中查找答案相关句。
（What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned , pollutants(污染物) are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earth’s atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers(冰川) and polar (极地的) ice caps.）

If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer.
补充：
suffer: v. 受苦；受难; 遭受（磨难）
e.g. She was suffering from a headache. 她正经受头痛之苦。
e.g. suffer death 丧生

5. The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long history of civilization.
A. Right     B.Wrong    C. Not mentioned
分析：题干中出现1层信息, 利用题干中的关键词在文章中查找答案相关句，发现文章中根本没有涉及到这些关键词的句子，所以答案为“没提到”。

6. The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial about the problem of global warming.
A. Right     B.Wrong    C. Not mentioned

分析：题干中出现3层信息：The people of the coral island nations,   unable to do anything substantial和 about the problem of global warming。利用题干中的关键词在文章中查找答案相关句（注意利用关键词跳读），
Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral(珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate----they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyone’s loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on earth.（跳读）

The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They don’t have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.

 
7. Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution.
A. Right     B.Wrong    C. Not mentioned

分析：题干中出现2层信息：Some industrialized countries和unwilling to spending in reducing pollution.利用题干中的关键词在文章中查找答案相关句，发现包含答案线索词的句子中并没有提到题干的内容，因此判断问题句的说法为“没提到”。

And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.

Passage 2

Micro-chip research center created

A research center has been set up in this far-east country to develop advanced micro-chip production technology. The center, which will start out with about US$14million,will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology.

The center will make use of its research skills and facilities to develop new technology for domestic chip plants. The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country’s flagship chipmaker. Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes. Moreover, the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology provider are also an important reason for their decision of self-reliance.

As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years, plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while plants with out-dated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker.

More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of U.S. dollars. the majority of that money goes to overseas equipment vendors and technology owners- mainly from Japan and Singapore.

Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in industry, the country admits the US$14million in vestment is still rather small. This country is developing comprehensive technologies. Most of the investment will be spent on setting alliances with technology and intellectual property owners.

练习：

The country says that the investment of US$14 million is big enough for developing that country’ chip industry.
A. Right           B. Wrong              C. Not mentioned

That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes.
A. Right           B. Wrong              C. Not mentioned

 
Although the licensing fees are not very high, that far-east country cannot afford to pay.
A. Right           B. Wrong              C. Not mentioned

Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes.

A. Right           B. Wrong              C. Not mentioned

Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors.
A. Right           B. Wrong              C. Not mentioned

Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly.
A. Right           B. Wrong              C. Not mentioned

More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance.
A. Right           B. Wrong              C. Not mentioned

答案及解析：
1．文章题目分析：
Micro-chip （芯片）research center created = Micro-chip research center (which has been) created
2. 把握文章结构：

A research center has been set up in this far-east country to develop advanced micro-chip production technology. The center, which will start out with about US$14million,will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology.

The center will make use of its research skills and facilities to develop new technology for domestic chip plants. The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country’s flagship chipmaker. Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes. Moreover, the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology provider are also an important reason for their decision of self-reliance.

As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years, plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while plants with out-dated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker.

More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of U.S. dollars. the majority of that money goes to overseas equipment vendors and technology owners- mainly from Japan and Singapore.

Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in industry, the country admits the US$14million in vestment is still rather small. This country is developing comprehensive technologies. Most of the investment will be spent on setting alliances with technology and intellectual property owners.

文章结构：研究中心的建立。。—中心使用研究技能和设备。。。-- 拥有新技术的的工厂能以低成本生产出功能强大的芯片。。。--这个国家承认1。4亿的投资还相当小。。
提示：借助每段短首句的大意（核心句子结构）把握文章的逻辑发展，从而为问题答案的查找确认大致的方向，并确定文章的中心。

2．直接看题确认答案。

 
1．The country says that the investment of US$14 million （特征词）is big enough （关键词）for developing that country’ chip industry.（核心词）
A. Right           B. Wrong              C. Not mentioned
B．分析：题干中含有三层信息：US$14 million， big enough 和 developing that country’ chip industry. 这三层信息需要一一确认。利用题干中的特征词US$14 million作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
A research center has been set up in this far-east country to develop advanced micro-chip （微芯片）production technology. The center, which will start out with about US$14million,, will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology（chip industry现状）.（不足以说明问题句是否正确）

More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of U.S. dollars (与chip industry的发展有关). The majority of that money goes to overseas equipment vendors （卖主）and technology owners- mainly from Japan and Singapore.
Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry, the country admits the US $14 million in vestment is still rather small. （the situation in the situation的指代内容是解题关键）This country is developing comprehensive technologies.
依据这些答案相关句判断该问题句的说法错误。
补充：

set up v.设立, 竖立, 架起,  创(纪录), 开业
start out with v. 以。。开始
start out v.出发, 动身
admit:  v.容许, 承认, 接纳
e.g. The cinema admits about 2000 people.这座电影院大约可坐 2000 人。
e.g. His illness admits of no delay.他的病不容拖延。
e.g. He never admits that he is wrong.他从不承认自己错了。

Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in industry = if the new center should play a major role in improving the situation in industry (虚拟语气)

2．That country gives top priorities to （关键词）developing chips for military purposes.（核心词/线索词）
A. Right           B. Wrong           C. Not mentioned
C．分析：题干中含有2层信息：top priorities to和military purposes；以题干中的核心结构military purposes和top priorities作为答案线索 ( 同时注意文章中出现的这些线索结构的近义/反义结构)，于是发现相关句：
Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes.

发现答案相关句中只反映了问题句中的1层信息，而与top priorities相关的内容在文章中没有相应的内容涉及，因此判断问题句的说法为“没提到”。

补充：
give priority to v. 把优先权给予。。
comp:
give publicity to v.公布, 宣传
give rise to v.引起, 使发生
passive adj.  消极的；被动的

3．Although the licensing fees （特征词/核心词）are not very high,（关键结构） that far-east country cannot afford to pay.（关键结构）
 A. Right           B. Wrong              C. Not mentioned

C．分析：题干中含有2层信息：licensing fees are not very high和cannot afford to pay。利用题干中的核心结构licensing fees（执照费）作为答案线索（因为该词是特定的表达，所以可以在文章中只查找该词）,

 
Moreover, the high licensing fees （与“are not very high”不矛盾）they have to pay to technology provider are also an important reason for their decision of self-reliance.

As mainstream （主流） chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years, plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while plants with out-dated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized （忽略，淘汰）by the maker.

发现相关句的内容中只涉及到了问题句中的1层信息，即 “cannot afford to pay”的内容在文章中没有对应的内容，因此判断问题句的说法为“没提到”。

补充：
Outdated adj.过时的, 不流行的
Synonyms: old, old-fashioned, outmoded, unfashionable
Comp:
up-to-date adj.直到现在的, 最近的, 当代的, 新式的
synonyms: advanced, contemporary, current, fashionable, modern

4． Many western countries （关键结构）ban the exporting （核心结构）of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes.
A. Right           B. Wrong              C. Not mentioned

A．分析：问题句中涉及到2层核心信息：Many western countries ban the exporting和military purposes。该题所涉及到的相关句在第2题中已经出现了：

Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes.

根据该句句意判断，问题句的说法正确。
补充：
Ban n. 禁止; 禁令; v禁止; 取缔
e.g. There is a ban on smoking in this theatre.
这个剧院里禁止抽烟。
e.g. Swimming is banned in this lake.
禁止在这湖里游泳。
Prevent..from..v.防止, 预防
Synonyms:  keep from, stop
Comp: protect..from..;
e.g. protect sb. from danger 保护某人免遭危险

5． Currently, almost all （关键词）the flagship（旗舰/主要的） chipmakers （特征词/核心词）in that country are owned by American investors.（关键词）
A. Right           B. Wrong              C. Not mentioned

C．分析：题干中涉及到2层信息：almost all the flagship chipmakers和 owned by American investors。利用题干中的核心词flagship chipmakers作为答案线索，这样在文章中找到答案相关句：

The center will make use of its research skills and facilities to develop new technology for domestic chip plants. The advent（出现，到来） of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country’s flagship chipmaker.

More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of U.S. dollars. the majority of that money goes to overseas equipment vendors and technology owners- mainly from Japan and Singapore.（文章中只出现了这两个国家，而且与“flagship chipmakers”无关）

可见文章中的答案相关句中根本没有反映出问题句中的信息，因此判断该问题句的为没提到。
补充：
make use of v.使用， 利用
free vt 释放；使自由， adj. 免于…；不受…
e.g. The old lady is never free from pain.
老妇人一直在受苦。
They freed the birds from the cages.
他们把鸟儿从笼子里放出来了

 
6．Mainstream chip （主流芯片）（特征词/核心词）production technology develop rapidly.
A. Right           B. Wrong              C. Not mentioned

A．分析：题干中涉及2层信息：Mainstream chip和 develop rapidly。利用题干中的核心词Mainstream chip 作为答案线索，这样在文章中找到相关句，
As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years, （该句对题干中涉及的两层信息都有相呼应的内容）plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while plants with out dated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized （忽视）by the maker.

根据该句句意判断问题句的说法“正确”。

7．More than 10 chip plants （特征词）being built in that country are an example of self-reliance.（关键词）
A. Right           B. Wrong              C. Not mentioned

B．分析：题干中包含2层信息：More than 10 chip plants 和self-reliance。利用题干中的特殊结构--数量词（10 chip plants）作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of U.S. dollars. The majority of that money goes to overseas equipment vendors and technology owners- mainly from Japan and Singapore.

从相关句中得出的结论恰恰是“依靠他人”，而不是“依靠自己”，因此判断问题句的说法错误。