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例题解析1
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第23"~30题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，
短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项 中为第1—4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27"--'30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Passage 1
2005年综合C概括大意完成句子考题
Estee Lauder Died
The child of Central European immigrants who created an international cosmetics(化妆品) empire and became one of the most influential women in US, has died on Saturday. Estee Lauder died at her home in Manhattan, New York City, a company spokesman said. She was 97.
Born in Queens, New York in 1908, Lauder was the daughter of a Hungarian mother and a Czech father.
Lauder began her business career by selling skincare products developed by her uncle John Schotz, a chemist, to beauty salons(美容院) and hotels. In 1930, she married Joseph Lauder who became her partner. The company, which became known as Estee Lauder, took off after World War II.
In 1953, the company introduced its first perfume(香水), Youth Dew, the first of a range of fragrances that has now grown to more than 70. they include: Aramis, a line of products for men, launched in 1964; and Clinique, a range of odorless (无味的)cosmetics, which followed in 1968.
By the time she retired in 1995, Lauder was presiding over a multibillion-dollar enterprise, which now ranks number 349 in the Fortune 500 list of largest US companies. In 1998, she was the only woman to feature in Time magazine’s selection of the 20 most important business geniuses of the last century. There were two secrets to her success: her gift for selling things and her tireless energy and determination never to accept second best. (来源：EnglishCN.com)
Even after her retirement at the age of 89, Lauder remained closely involved. Beauty, Lauder believed, was the most important thing in life.
She wrote in her 1985 autobiography, “Estee, a Success Story”: “In a perfect world, we’d all be judged on the sweetness of our souls. But in our less than perfect world, the woman who looks pretty has a distinct advantage and, usually, the last word.”
1. Paragraph 2 ___.
2. Paragraph 3 ___.
3. Paragraph 4 ___.
4. Paragraph 5 ___.
A. Early career
B. Childhood
C. Products
D. Retirement
E. Cosmetics Empress
F. Birth
5. Lauder regarded beauty ____.
6. Lauder died ___.
7. Before marriage, she sold products formulated ___.
8. After retirement, she continued to show her interest ___.
A. at the age of 97
B. as the most important thing in life
C. by John Schotz
D. in 1908
E. in cosmetics
F. on the sweetness of our souls
答案与解析:
第一步: 分析文章标题Estee Lauder Died
谁是Estee Lauder?当文章标题内容不太清晰时, 可以结合文章开头句子对文章标题进行进一步的理解.
The child of Central Erropean immigrants who created an international cosmetics(化妆品) empire and became one of the most influential women in US, has died on Saturday. Estee Lauder died at her home in Manhattan, New York City, a company spokesman said. She was 97. 划线句中并没有提供关于“Estee Lauder是什么样的一个人”的更多的信息， 所以注意划线句的前后句， 划线句的前句说：The child of Central European immigrants who created an international cosmetics(化妆品) empire （定语从句： 她建立了国际化妆品帝国）and became one of the most influential women in US, has died on Saturday. 因此， 我们知道Estee Lauder是在对美国化妆品事业作出杰出贡献的一个很有影响的妇女。
结合文章标题Estee Lauder Died判断， 这篇文章很可能将会对Estee Lauder这个人的一生及其对化妆品事业所作的贡献进行介绍.
解题第2步：结合文章主题（文章标题所揭示的内容）分析概括大意被选项之间的关系。
A．Early career
B．Childhood
C．Products
D．Retirement
E．Cosmetics Empress
F．Birth
选项F， B， A，D (birth – childhood—early career -- retirement)恰巧就组成了对人的一生描述的主线索，因此它们中出答案的可能性很大；
选项E从语意上看正是对Estee Lauder在事业上所作出的成绩的概括， 所以E是答案的可能性很大。
C暂时看起来成为答案的可能性较小。
第3步： 直接解题， 在解题中注意各种解题技巧的巧妙运用。
A．Early career
B．Childhood
C．Products
D．Retirement
E．Cosmetics Empress
F．Birth
1． Paragraph 2 ___.
Born in Queens, New York in 1908, Lauder was the daughter of a Hungarian mother and a Czech father.
1． F。分析：该段就只有一个句子，显然这道题考察考生对与句意的理解，解题思路：抓住句子主干结构， 利用主干结构内容判断句子大意：该句主干结构为”Born in Queens, …. Lauder was the daughter of…”, 该结构说“Lauder在Queens出生， 是…的女儿”, 从这个内容上F(Birth)是答案.
考点: 考察考生对于文章中某个句子句意的理解.应对措施:抓住句子主干结构, 利用主干结构内容判断句子句意.
A．Early career
B．Childhood
C．Products
D．Retirement
E．Cosmetics Empress
2. Paragraph 3 ___.
Lauder began her business career by selling skincare products developed by her uncle John Schotz, a chemist, to beauty salons(美容院) and hotels. In 1930, she married Joseph Lauder who became her partner. The company, which became known as Estee Lauder, took off after World War II.
2. A。分析: 前一段讲述Lauder的出生, 这一段很可能该叙述她的童年了, 可是该段第一句就说“Lauder began her business career by selling…(Lauder通过销售…开始了她的职业生涯)”, 这样看来该段可能不是在叙述Lauder的童年， 段落中出现了明显的细节句“In 1930, she married Joseph Lauder ….（在1930年，她嫁给了Joseph Lauder）” ， 该句表明这个该段落肯定不是在叙述Lauder的童年，再结合段首句内容判断A（Early career/早期的职业生涯）是答案。
解题思路：结合段首句（段首句是段落主题句的可能性较大）和段落中的细节句（往往提供有关段落主题的重要信息）
B．Childhood
C．Products
D．Retirement
E．Cosmetics Empress
3. Paragraph 4 ___.
In 1953, the company introduced its first perfume(香水), Youth Dew, the first of a range of fragrances（香水） that has now grown to more than 70. they include: Aramis, a line 新品种of products for men, launched in 1964; and Clinique, a range of odorless (无味的)cosmetics, which followed in 1968.
3．Ｃ。 分析：段落中出现了一系列词义相关的词语：first perfume（Youth Dew）（the first of a range of fragrances）， products， Clinique（a range of odorless cosmetics），这些词都是“产品”的代名词，所以判断这段的核心词/主题词是“产品”， 因此C（产品）是答案。
解题思路：借助段落中出现的核心词直接判断段落主题。
B．Childhood
D．Retirement
E．Cosmetics Empress
4. Paragraph 5 ___.
By the time she retired in 1995, Lauder was presiding over a multibillion-dollar enterprise, which now ranks number 349 in the Fortune 500 list of largest US companies. In 1998, she was the only woman to feature in Time magazine’s selection of the 20 most important business geniuses of the last century. There were two secrets to her success: her gift for selling things and her tireless energy and determination never to accept second best.
４． Ｅ。 分析：段落一开始就提到“By the time she retired in 1995”，因此推测该段可能讲述Lauder的退休情况，段落中也是出现了明显的细节句“In 1998, she was the only woman to feature in Time magazine’s selection of the 20 most important business geniuses of the last century.（1998年，她是唯一一位出现在time杂志所选出的20位上一世纪中最重要的商业天才中的女性）”， 这句 话所具有的含义可以借助句子中黑体结构的含义获得大致的了解。显然这句话是在讲述Lauder的突出成就，而且段落最后一句是在讲述Lauder成功的秘密“There were two secrets to her success（她的成功有两个秘密）”， 因此判断仅仅把“退休”作为这段文字的主题显然是不恰当的，对比剩下的被选项判断E（Cosmetics Empress女皇）最合适（E就是在概括E的成就）。
解题思路：借助段落中细节信息的主要内容判断段落主题。
A. at the age of 97
B. as the most important thing in life
C. by John Schotz
D. in 1908
E. in cosmetics
F. on the sweetness of our souls
5. Lauder regarded beauty ____.
5．Ｂ。分析：解题思路1：借助搭配结构：regard…as…/把…看作…, 判断B是答案，而且B 放入空格中句意也很通顺：Lauder把美丽看成是人生最重要的部分。解题思路2：借助原文相关句内容，借助句子中的核心词（宾语）beauty作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：
Lauder began her business career by selling skincare products developed by her uncle John Schotz, a chemist, to beauty salons(美容院) and hotels. 这个句子与问题句的内容无关， 所以接着看后面的句子：Beauty, Lauder believed, was the most important thing in life. 该句说“Lauder相信美丽是生活中最重要的东西”（believe 和regard是近义词）
考点：考察近义词的替换。
A. at the age of 97
C. by John Schotz
D. in 1908
E. in cosmetics
F. on the sweetness of our souls
6. Lauder died ___.
６。A. 分析：借助根据空格前的内容（Lauder去世）判断Ａ和Ｄ可能是答案。利用句子中的核心词（died）作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：
The child of Central European immigrants who created an international cosmetics(化妆品) empire and became one of the most influential women in US, has died on Saturday. Estee Lauder died at her home in Manhattan, New York City, a company spokesman said. She was 97.
Born in Queens, New York in 1908, Lauder was the daughter of a Hungarian mother and a Czech father. 从上面划线结构的内容看出Lauder出生于1908年, 终年97岁, 因此答案是A.
考点:文章中的重要细节
C. by John Schotz
D. in 1908
E. in cosmetics
F. on the sweetness of our souls
7. Before marriage, she sold products formulated___.
7. C。分析: 借助句子中的特征结构(时间状语结构) Before marriage作为答案线索, 这样找到答案相关句:
Lauder began her business career by selling skincare products developed by her uncle John Schotz, a chemist, to beauty salons(美容院) and hotels. In 1930, she married (marriage的家族词)Joseph Lauder who became her partner. 划线句只是提到了Lauder在1930年结婚, 划线句的前一句中出现了被选项C 中提到的John Schotz， 该句中的划线句说“selling skincare products developed by her uncle John Schotz（出售由John Schotz研制的护肤产品）”（formulate和develop是近义词），因此判断C 是答案。
考点：近义词的替换
D. in 1908
E. in cosmetics
F. on the sweetness of our souls
8. After retirement, she continued to show her interest ___.
8． E．分析：该题有两个解题方法：1。借助搭配：interest in sth.(对…感兴趣)， 直接判断E 是答案；2。借助句子中的特征结构（时间状语结构）After retirement作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：Even after her retirement at the age of 89, Lauder remained closely involved. Beauty, Lauder believed, was the most important thing in life.划线句说“89岁退休以后，Lauder 仍然紧密地参与其中”，再参看划线句后面的句子，该句说“Beauty, Lauder believed, was the most important thing in life（Lauder相信，美丽是人生中最重要的事情）” ， 根据这句话的含义判断Lauder参与的肯定是“美容业”， 因此判断E 是答案。
文章中的长句和难句：
1．By the time she retired in 1995, Lauder was presiding over a multibillion-dollar enterprise, which now ranks number 349 in the Fortune 500 list of largest US companies.
2．In 1953, the company introduced its first perfume, Youth Dew, the first of a range of fragrances that has now grown to more than 70.
3．“In a perfect world, we’d all be judged on the sweetness of our souls. But in our less than perfect world, the woman who looks pretty has a distinct advantage and, usually, the last word.”
have the last word: 起决定作用
Passage 2
2005年卫生C概括大意完成句子考题
Old man myths and realities
When does a middle-aged man become an old man? Officially, of course, it’s when we reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt (生硬的) method of decision making. As life expectancy (预期寿命) increases, retirements planning needs to be changed. This is because being an old man today is very different from what was a generation or so ago.
Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young-old, that is ages 70 -75, and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family. The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation.
Although men are living longer, there are still more women than old men. This fact alone should arouse interest as to why. Relatively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man. Sure, we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety, financial problems, loneliness, etc., but that’s really about all we know.
It is usually believed that old man often complains about their health. In fact, most old man think their health is good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness. The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they were younger.
1. Paragraph 1 ___.
2. Paragraph 2 ___.
3. Paragraph 3 ___.
4. Paragraph 4 ___.
A. new definitions of the old man
B Changing concept of the old man
C health of the old man
D happy old man and sad old man
E limited knowledge of the old man’s experiences
F contempt藐视for the old man
5. Nowadays men generally live longer than ___.
6 A man in his mid-60s is now regarded as ___.
7 More research should be done on the experiences of ___.
8 Most old men consider themselves to be ___.
A. in good health
B in the past
C. in the wrong
D. the old man
E a middle-aged man
F a young man
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