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 (一)用补语的
 
 不完全的动词必须有补语,才能使句子表达出一个完全的意念来。自动词用主格补语,他动词用宾格补语。
 
 (a)主格补语
 
 他看去很年轻。
 
 He looks young.
 
 华盛顿小时是一个好孩子。
 
 Washington was a good boy.
 
 中国是要养儿防老的。
 
 In China a son should be the staff of his parents’ old age.
 
 (b) 宾格补语
 
 人民选举他做总统。
 
 People elected him president.
 
 他使国家富强了。
 
 He made his country wealthy and powerful.
 
 (二) 用宾语的
 
 英文的他动词是要加上宾语才能成句的。用宾语的句子可分下列六种译法:
 
 (a)用一个宾语
 
 除你以外我没有朋友。
 
 I have no friend but you.
 
 天生丽质。
 
 Nature has molded her form and features with masterly touch.
 
 (b)用两个宾语
 
 那老人讲一些有趣的故事给我们听。
 
 That old man tells us amusing stories.
 
 一磅烟丝只够他吸两个礼拜。
 
 A pound of tobacco only lasts him a fortnight.
 
 (c)用表结果的宾语(Object of Result)
 
 她点燃了一把火。
 
 She lights a fire.
 
 他在木板上钻了一个洞。
 
 He bores a hole in the plank.
 
 我在那上面画了一朵花。
 
 I painted a flower on it.
 
 (d)用同系宾语(Cognate Object)
 
 他发出了一声短促的苦笑。
 
 He laughed a little short ugly laugh.
 
 他过着一种凄凉寂寞的生活。
 
 He is living a sad and lonely life.
 
 (e)用反身宾语(Reflexive Object)
 
 他在晚会上感到很快乐。
 
 He enjoyed himself at the party. (来源:英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)
 
 你应利用图书馆的书。
 
 You should avail yourself of the books in the library.
 
 (f)用保留宾语(Retained Object)
 
 凡有间接和直接两个宾语的文句,如由主动改为被动时,通常有两种说法,即每次只能用一个宾语,间接的或直接的,作为主语,其未用作主语的,就称为保留宾语,如
 
 我给了那孩子一支自来水笔。
 
 I gave the boy a fountain pen.
 
 如将上句改为被动时态,则有下列两种形式:
 
 The boy was given a fountain pen by me.
 
 A fountain pen was given the boy by me.
 
 (三)用形容词或副词的
 
 (A)用形容词的,又可分为(a)叙述的用法,(b)限定的用法,(c)名词的用法,(d)副词的用法,(e)同格的用法五种译法。
 
 (a)叙述的用法(Predicative Use)
 
 这朵玫瑰花是红的。
 
 This rose is red.
 
 他对那结果感到满意。
 
 He was content with the result.(cf.contented)
 
 这不值得那样麻烦。
 
 It is not worth the trouble.(cf.worthy)
 
 专限于叙述用法的形容词有:ill(cf.sick),well(cf. healthy),glad,sorry,exempt 等,其他还有以“a?”开头的字,如 alone,asleep,awake,afraid,alike,ashamed,akin 等,例如:He was fast asleep.(熟睡)也多半只有叙述用法。
 
 (b)限定的用法(Attributive Use)
 
 这是一朵红玫瑰花。
 
 This is a red rose.
 
 知足常乐。
 
 A contented person is happy with his status quo.
 
 他找到一个敢于和他相抗的敌人。
 
 He found a worthy enemy.
 
 儿童教育必须由所能聘到的最好的教师来施行。
 
 The education of children must be conducted by the best attainable instructors.
 
 没有一件伟大的事不是由热忱来做成的。
 
 Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.(Emerson)
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