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重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1.  I’d like to help homeless people. (P60)我想帮助无家可归的人。
homeless是形容词,意为“无家可归的”,由home+后缀-less构成。
特别提示
less后缀通常加在名词的后面,构成形容词,表示与原来名词意思相反的形容词,如groundless 无根据的, odorless 无气味的, careless粗心的,useless无用的。
2.  You could help clean up the city parks. (P60)你可以帮着打扫城市公园。
◎clean up是“清除、除去(垃圾、污物)”等,使地方干净。
Please clean up the room after the party. 聚会后把房间打扫干净。
We should clean up the dirty parts of the sea.
我们应该清除海里的污染部分。
◎clean up还可以表示“挣得,赢得(多少钱)”。
He cleaned up a small fortune. 他发了一笔小财。
特别提示
clean oneself up意为“洗干净”。
Your hands are dirty, you’d better clean yourself up.
你的手脏了,你应该洗洗它们。
3.  You could give out food at a food bank. (P60)你可以在食品供应站分发食品。
give out在这里是“分发”,“散发”的意思。
Our English teacher gave out the examination papers when the bell rang.
我们的英语老师在铃响的时候分发试卷。
◎另外一个意思为“用完”,“消耗尽”。
After a week their food supplies gave out. 一周之后,他们的食物供应用完了。
◎还有一个意思为“发出”,“送出”。
The sun gives out a lot of heat. 太阳能发出热量。
4.  He looks sad. Let’s cheer him up.(P61)他看上去很伤心。我们去帮他振作起来吧。
cheer up sb或cheer sb up意为“(使某人)高兴起来,振作起来”。如果是代词做宾语,则将代词放在中间。
Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 不要发愁啦,这消息不错嘛!
He took her to the ballet to cheer her up.
他为了使她高兴起来,便带她去看芭蕾舞。 (来源:专业英语学习网站 http://www.EnglishCN.com)
5.  This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment. (P62)这份义工每周花了他们每个人好几个小时的时间,所以这是一个重大的贡献。
(1)each of them是指“他们中的每一个”。如果做主语,则谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
知识拓展
each与every的用法
◎each指一个整体中的每一个,强调个体;every着重于全体的总和,强调整体。试比较:
Each has a different book. (强调各有不同。)
Here every child at the age of six can go to school. (侧重整体,无一例外。)
◎each可作形容词及代词,而every只能作形容词,但可与-one,-body,-thing等构成复合代词。
◎each用在代词或复数名词前要用介词of连接,如each of them, each of the boys; every不能直接跟of连接,如不可以说every of them,而要说every one of them或each of them。
◎every还可以表示“每隔”,后接基数词加名词,如every four weeks, every three months等,此种结构中的every不能用each代替。
She had a rest every fives minutes. 她每隔5分钟就休息一会儿。
魔力纠错
①街道两旁有许多商店。
误:There are many shops on every side of the street.
正:There are many shops on each side of the street.
魔力解析
each可以用来指两个或两个以上的人或物,但是every却总是指三个或三个以上的人或物,不能指两者。
6.  Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. (P62)我不仅对帮助别人感到很满足,而且我还渐渐地花时间做自己喜爱做的事情。
(1)not only ... but also (also可省略)是“不但……而且……”的意思,当置于句首时,not only后面从句的主谓要倒装,但but (also)后面的主谓不用倒装。
Not only has he been to Canada, but (also) he knows some Canadians.
他不仅去过加拿大,而且还认识许多加拿大人。
Not only did he teach at school, but (also) he wrote novels.
他不仅在学校里教书,而且还写小说。
7.  “Don’t put it off,” says HuiPing. “Become a volunteer today!” (P62) “别犹豫”,慧萍说,“今天就来当一名自愿者吧!”
(1)put off 意思是“推迟,拖延”。
Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today. 今日事今日毕。
They put off the soccer game because of the rain.
因为下雨,他们把球赛推迟了。
You should not put off going to see the doctor. 你不应该拖延去看医生。
◎put off还可意为“关掉”,相当于turn off。
Please put off the lights before you leave the classroom.
在你离开教室之前,请关掉灯。
(2)become是系动词,表示“变成,成为”,后面接名词、形容词、过去分词等。
She became famous in her city. 她在她所在城市的成为名人了。
知识拓展
become后可接介词of,构成what becomes of sb/sth 表示“某人/某事进展如何”。
What became of the dreams of our youth? 我们年轻时的理想何在?
特别提示
系动词get, turn , grow和become都可表示“变得,感到”,其区别是:
◎get用于日常用语,后面常跟比较级。
The weather gets colder, and the days get shorter. 天气变冷了,白天变短了。
◎turn指在颜色和性质等方面变得与原来不同。
His face turned red. 他的脸变红了。
◎grow着重变化过程。
It’s growing dark. 天渐渐地变黑了。
◎become是指身份、职位的变化,作瞬间动词时,指状态的变化。
He became an artist. 他成为了一名艺术家。
 
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